If there is one word that most alienates English-language readers of Arabic literature it’s neither masha’allah nor insha’allah — which are perhaps mostly objects of curiosity — nor jihad nor madrassa (except for specialist Islamophobes) but شهيد, commonly translated as martyr.
This is not because we Anglos lack the idea of dying as witnesses and would only die for our Big Macs or laptops or Prada whatchamacallits. Americans have a great reverence for fallen soldiers, for instance, even such soldiers as were fighting in unjust, corrupt wars. But there isn’t really a word that coalesces around this respectful reverence. It could be felt for any of those who witnessed and died at the World Trade Center in 2001. But an English-language speaker would not call these men and women “martyrs.”
Originally, the words شهيد and martyr (from the Greek) had much in common: The word martyr originally meant a witness…
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